{"id":459,"date":"2017-03-26T14:25:57","date_gmt":"2017-03-26T14:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/endocrinology\/diabetes\/"},"modified":"2023-01-24T11:25:25","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T11:25:25","slug":"diabetes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/endocrinology\/diabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"Diabetes &#8211; diagnosis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<h4><strong>Data gathering<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Red flags &#8211; chest pain, SOB, DKA (abdo pain, vomiting, confusion)<\/li>\n<li>Others &#8211; thirst, polyuria, wt loss, vision, feet<\/li>\n<li>Examine &#8211; BP, BMI, fundoscopy, feet inc pulses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<h4><strong>Clinical management<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Investigations\n<ul>\n<li>Urine &#8211; dipstick, ACR<\/li>\n<li>Bloods &#8211; FBC, U+E, LFTs, lipids, HbA1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Explanation\n<ul>\n<li>Level of sugar in blood is controlled by a hormone called insulin. In diabetes, either there is not enough insulin or the body is not reacting to the insulin enough &#8211; high sugar levels can cause problems to the eyes, feet, kidneys, heart and stroke<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Treatment\n<ul>\n<li>Lifestyle &#8211; healthy diet, smoking cessation, weight control, exercise<\/li>\n<li>BP control (140\/80 or 130\/80 if organ damage)<\/li>\n<li>Cholesterol control<\/li>\n<li>Services &#8211; patient education programme, dietician, eye screening<\/li>\n<li>Vaccinations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Follow-up \/ Safety-net\n<ul>\n<li>Annual checks &#8211; bloods, eyes, feet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<h4><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>HONK\/DKA &#8211; drowsy, vomiting, confused, SOB, thirst, polyuria, raised BMs, urinary ketones<\/li>\n<li>Diagnosis &#8211; HbA1c &gt; 48 + symptoms (or two results of &gt;48)<\/li>\n<li>Free prescriptions if taking diabetes medications<\/li>\n<li>ACR &#8211; 3.5 &#8211; 30 &#8211; consider ACE-I if diabetic + repeat ACR in 3 months<\/li>\n<li>Metformin &#8211; warn re diarrhoea\/bloating when initiating<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data gathering Red flags &#8211; chest pain, SOB, DKA (abdo pain, vomiting, confusion) Others &#8211; thirst, polyuria, wt loss, vision, feet Examine &#8211; BP, BMI, fundoscopy, feet inc pulses &nbsp; Clinical management Investigations Urine &#8211; dipstick, ACR Bloods &#8211; FBC, U+E, LFTs, lipids, HbA1c Explanation Level of sugar in blood is controlled by a hormone &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/endocrinology\/diabetes\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Diabetes &#8211; diagnosis<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":456,"menu_order":70,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-459","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=459"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2280,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/459\/revisions\/2280"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}