{"id":1605,"date":"2017-07-31T06:42:33","date_gmt":"2017-07-31T06:42:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/data-interpretation\/echocardiograms\/"},"modified":"2023-01-24T11:25:25","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T11:25:25","slug":"echocardiograms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/data-interpretation\/cardiology\/echocardiograms\/","title":{"rendered":"Echocardiograms"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Normal LV systolic function: Ejection fraction &gt; 55%<\/li>\n<li>Report may be qualitative &#8211; mild\/moderate\/severe LV impairment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Valvular disease<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mild or trace regurgitation requires no action<\/li>\n<li>Valve disease is usually a chronic process<\/li>\n<li>If valve anatomy is abnormal but functional lesion is mild, still consider referral<\/li>\n<li>Echos can underestimate valve severity &#8211; if significant symptoms or clear signs, refer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Diastolic dysfunction<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Questionable significance if patient is well<\/li>\n<li>No prognostic treatments<\/li>\n<li>Treatments based around treating symptoms using diuretics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Regional wall motion abnormalities<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Questionable significance<\/li>\n<li>May be due to previous cardiac event<\/li>\n<li>If patient is well, LV normal size and function then unlikely to be important<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pulmonary artery pressures<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Normal PAP &lt; 30 mmHg<\/li>\n<li>Echos measure PASP (pulmonary artery systolic pressure) &#8211; the PAP can be calculated:\n<ul>\n<li>mean PAP = 0.61 * PASP + 2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>PASP can only be measured if tricuspid regurgitation<\/li>\n<li>Raised PASP usually secondary to: lung disease, left sided heart disease, OSA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pericardial effusions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Up to 1cm likely to be physiological<\/li>\n<li>For larger effusions, no urgent action needed if\n<ul>\n<li>no echo mention of haemodynamic compromise<\/li>\n<li>asymptomatic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background Normal LV systolic function: Ejection fraction &gt; 55% Report may be qualitative &#8211; mild\/moderate\/severe LV impairment Valvular disease Mild or trace regurgitation requires no action Valve disease is usually a chronic process If valve anatomy is abnormal but functional lesion is mild, still consider referral Echos can underestimate valve severity &#8211; if significant symptoms &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/data-interpretation\/cardiology\/echocardiograms\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Echocardiograms<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1618,"menu_order":37,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1605","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1605","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1605"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1608,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1605\/revisions\/1608"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}