{"id":1477,"date":"2017-07-20T15:37:08","date_gmt":"2017-07-20T15:37:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/data-interpretation\/prolactin\/"},"modified":"2023-01-24T11:25:25","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T11:25:25","slug":"prolactin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/data-interpretation\/endocrine\/prolactin\/","title":{"rendered":"Prolactin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Raised prolactin<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<h4><strong>Causes<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Physiological &#8211; pregnancy, lactation, stress post-prandial, post-exercise<\/li>\n<li>Prolactin secreting pituitary tumour &#8211; prolactinoma<\/li>\n<li>Non-secreting pituitary tumour that prevents dopamine from reaching normal prolactin-producing cells<\/li>\n<li>Hypothyroidism<\/li>\n<li>Stress<\/li>\n<li>Renal failure<\/li>\n<li>Liver disease<\/li>\n<li>Head injuries<\/li>\n<li>Medications &#8211; antipsychotics, antiemetics, COCP, antidepressants, verapamil, opiates, cimetidine, cocaine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<h4>Data gathering<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Assess severity\n<ul>\n<li>Mild elevation may be physiological in aetiology<\/li>\n<li>&gt;5000 mu\/L \u00a0&#8211; usually prolactin-secreting pituitary tumour<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Presentation\n<ul>\n<li>Galactorrhoea (90% of women)<\/li>\n<li>Menstrual disturbance<\/li>\n<li>Reduced fertility<\/li>\n<li>Reduced libido<\/li>\n<li>Mass effects &#8211; visual-field defects, headache<\/li>\n<li>Increased risk of osteoporosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Investigations\n<ul>\n<li>Examine &#8211; visual fields<\/li>\n<li>Bloods &#8211; prolactin, U+Es, LFTs, TFTs<\/li>\n<li>MRI pituitary (after endocrine review)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<h4>Clinical management<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Medication review<\/li>\n<li>Endocrine referral &#8211; MRI pituitary, dopamine agonists (cabergoline, bromocriptine), consideration of transphenoidal surgery<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Raised prolactin Causes Physiological &#8211; pregnancy, lactation, stress post-prandial, post-exercise Prolactin secreting pituitary tumour &#8211; prolactinoma Non-secreting pituitary tumour that prevents dopamine from reaching normal prolactin-producing cells Hypothyroidism Stress Renal failure Liver disease Head injuries Medications &#8211; antipsychotics, antiemetics, COCP, antidepressants, verapamil, opiates, cimetidine, cocaine &nbsp; Data gathering Assess severity Mild elevation may be physiological &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/data-interpretation\/endocrine\/prolactin\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Prolactin<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2365,"menu_order":32,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1477","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1477"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1477\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2092,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1477\/revisions\/2092"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2365"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}