{"id":1291,"date":"2017-06-23T07:07:13","date_gmt":"2017-06-23T07:07:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/data-interpretation\/ues\/hypokalaemia\/"},"modified":"2023-01-24T11:25:25","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T11:25:25","slug":"hypokalaemia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/data-interpretation\/ues\/hypokalaemia\/","title":{"rendered":"Hypokalaemia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<h4>Data gathering<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Assess severity\n<ul>\n<li>mild 3.1 &#8211; 3.4<\/li>\n<li>moderate 2.6 &#8211; 3.0<\/li>\n<li>severe &lt;2.5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Assess if cardiac symptoms<\/li>\n<li>Assess whether high risk &#8211; elderly, digoxin, heart failure, IHD, LVH, arrhythmia<\/li>\n<li>Consider causes\n<ul>\n<li>Spurious &#8211; storage at high temperatures, very high WCC<\/li>\n<li>Magnesium depletion<\/li>\n<li>Poor nutritional status &#8211; anorexia, alcoholism, malabsorption, chronic D&amp;V<\/li>\n<li>Mineralocorticoid excess &#8211; Conn&#8217;s, Cushings, liquorice excess<\/li>\n<li>Medications\n<ul>\n<li>Diuretics, SSRIs, Steroids<\/li>\n<li>B2 agonists, insulin<\/li>\n<li>laxatives, enemas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<h4>Clinical Management<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Mild\/Moderate\n<ul>\n<li>if high risk, discuss with medical team<\/li>\n<li>exclude low magnesium as a cause<\/li>\n<li>consider random urine for K\/creatinine ratio &#8211; &gt; 2.5 suggests cause is renal potassium loss &#8211; if so, consider endocrinology referral<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Mild\n<ul>\n<li>treat underlying cause<\/li>\n<li>oral replacement &#8211; repeat potassium in 5 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Moderate\n<ul>\n<li>treat underlying cause<\/li>\n<li>ECG<\/li>\n<li>Consider A+E if rapid change, ECG changes or cardiac symptoms<\/li>\n<li>oral replacement + weekly potassium monitoring<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Severe\n<ul>\n<li>refer to A+E even if asymptomatic, IV potassium may be required<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data gathering Assess severity mild 3.1 &#8211; 3.4 moderate 2.6 &#8211; 3.0 severe &lt;2.5 Assess if cardiac symptoms Assess whether high risk &#8211; elderly, digoxin, heart failure, IHD, LVH, arrhythmia Consider causes Spurious &#8211; storage at high temperatures, very high WCC Magnesium depletion Poor nutritional status &#8211; anorexia, alcoholism, malabsorption, chronic D&amp;V Mineralocorticoid excess &#8211; &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/data-interpretation\/ues\/hypokalaemia\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Hypokalaemia<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1269,"menu_order":13,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1291","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1291"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2082,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1291\/revisions\/2082"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/papergp.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}